Ethics & Governance

Challenge and opportunity in decarbonisation

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The science is very clear. The world needs to decarbonise to avoid a potential ecological disaster. The longer we wait, the costlier it will be for the economy, the environment and humankind. We are burning more fossil fuels and increasing food production, all of which generates carbon dioxide, methane and other outputs. The effects of rising temperatures, as is shown in Figure 1, are compounded by further destructive events like bushfires, droughts, floods and longer term, by rising sea levels. Reducing global greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), is key to avoiding the destructive impacts of climate change. The Paris Agreement's 2015 target is to limit global temperature rises to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Countries have targets, known as nationally determined contributions (NDCs), to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Australia, for example, has legislated a target by 2030 to cut emissions by 43% below 2005 levels. But despite these commitments, the world is not on track to reach the 1.5°C global warming target. Based on the current trajectory, the world is on track for a temperature rise in this century far beyond the agreed climate goals according to United Nations Environment Programme Emissions Gap Report 2023 (UNEP 2023).

Companies face increasing decarbonisation risk and regulation

Companies are responding to the climate challenge, but is it enough? Over 60% of the S&P/ASX 200 by market cap have committed to net zero carbon emissions or carbon neutrality by 2050. However, it is up to investors to assess the credibility of each company's road to decarbonisation. Simply reviewing a company's carbon footprint is not the answer. It is backward looking. One needs to be forward-looking to understand the real risks. These risks are increasingly prevalent in a world with a price on carbon.